• Steel Belt
The Steel Belt between tread and carcass will provide a rigid base for the tread, which will restrain the shape change, lower the rolling resistance, and save more gas. The strength of centrifugal and lateral force will be counteracted to make sure the comfort while driving.
• Bead
The rubber-wrapped steel wire is twisted by orders, which firmly fixed the tires to the rim.

• Carcass
The cord fabric in tires is made of tiny textile fiber that is adhesive on the rubber. It will counteract the impact and provide good flexing resistance.
• Inner Liner
Inner Liner is made of impermeable Butyl, which has the same function of inner tube. The pressure can be depressed as time goes by, therefore, regular pressure checking is very necessary.
• Sidewall
Sidewall can protect the tire from impact to road shoulder. All the relative information can be found on it. (including size, inches, structure, original places, product and all the characteristics)
• Tread
The friction will provide the traction and braking force. It also enhances the resistance of wear ability, friction and heat. 

• Sidewall Indicator
The friction will provide the traction and braking force. It also enhances the resistance of wear ability, friction and heat. 

> Section width (mm) : the distance between both sides when inflated.
>  Ratio (%):  Also called aspect ratio, section height / section weight. The section weight is half as the difference between outside diameter and rim diameter. The lower the ratio is, the wider the section width will be, which means it will be safer to drive. The elasticity of sidewall will increase corresponding to the section width to make driving more stable. The high-speed cars using low ration tires is a trend nowadays.

>  Speed Rating:  The speed level is marked on sidewall of every tire, which will indicate the maximum speed. 
For example: for the size 265/35R22 102W, the speed level is W, so that the max speed will be 270 km/h by referring the speed comparison table. The speed level and specific info will be marked on all the stickers for Phelinx.
Speed Rating
The tire has bigger chance to get damage when driving at high speed and the reaction time to avoid the accident will be reduced as well. For your own safety, you are suggested not to exceed the max according to the legislation at every driving condition.
>  Loading Index:  The loading index is marked on sidewall of every tire, and the max loading capacity is marked as well. For example: for the size 265/35R22 102W, the loading index is 102, which corresponds the max loading capacity is 875kg. Overloading will make tire over heated and break abruptly. 
Loading Index >• Tire Standard Marking Method
For radial tires, there are generally 3 methods to marking : ISO marking (International Standard), P marking(American- Stantard) and EU marking (EU standard).
ISO Marking:  
Eg: 265/35R22 102W 
The section width is 265. Ratio is 35. R is short for radial. The diameter of rim is 22 inch. 
Loading Index is 102. Speed level is W.
P marking method:  
Eg: P 265/35R22 102W
P indicates passenger car, Section width is 265, ratio is 35. R means radial structure, rim diameter is 22, 
Loading index is 102. Speed level is W.
EU mark:
Eg: 185R14 90S Ratio is not marked out, which should be 80 in general. Others index is the same as ISO 
marking method.
• DOT Notation
DOT is tire quality standard in USA. Tire with this mark means this tire conforms to all tire quality standard stipulated by United States Department of Tranportation and may enter USA tire market. The 11 numbers and letters next to DOT indicate the identification No. or serial NO. of this tire.
For example,
DOT     4YCNSF01615
4Y        Factory code
CN       Size code  (Here means 225/60R 16,without referring to speed rate or ply rate)
SF0      Selective code
16        Production week
15        Production year
• UTQG
What is UTQG?
The UTQG on the sidewall is a general quality grading, which is the abbreviation for Uniform Tire Quality Grading System, classifying tires according to the wear ability, traction and febrile index. All the manufactures are in accordance with provisions of experimental steps. Authorized testing results should be classified and marked on the sidewall by the manufactures. According to US government regulation, all the tires imported to America must have UTQG data.
Treadwear
The testament of tread wear can only be done at government appointed place – locating near St. Angelo, Texas, where there is an express way of 400 miles. All the tested cars are supposed to run across this road to guarantee the same experimental conditions. The depth of pattern is measured in every 1288 miles, so are the compared tires. After 11592 miles, the tested and referential tires will be compared, through which the tires can be classified according to the wear ability.
Abrasion index is indicated by numbers. For instance: if 100 is set as a cardinal number (standard). The abrasion of 100 can be used for 30000 miles, which means the abrasion of 400 can run 30000 *4= 120000 miles. This is just a reference data running on the appointed road. In fact the rate of wear ability is relating to the car's conditions and driving habits.
According to legislation of American UTQG, the abrasion index of summer tire is between 160- 300. The index that is between 160-200 is utility summer tire, between 300 - 540 is all season tire. The wear ability can only be applied under the same brand, not among different brands.
Traction
The traction demonstrates the parking performance on the wet straight road, which is represented by alphabets. For instance: the tire with AA can stop in the short time compared with the tire with C on straight wet ground.
The traction demonstrates the parking performance on the wet straight road, which is represented by alphabets. For instance: the tire with AA can stop in the short time compared with the tire with C on straight wet ground.
Temperature
emperature refers to the resistant ability of heat producing when tires are tested on the appointed wheels in lab. Continuous high temperature will cause tire aging, shorten service life. And overheat will lead to blowing up. Therefore, DOT prescribes that all the tires must meet the federal motor vehicles safety standard. The 109th of this legislation prescribes that tires must get the “C” grade, which lowest requirement under 136km/h. “B” and “A” grade means the tire is exceeding the DOT's basic demands.
Grade A   over 6:31H       Grade B   5:01H-6:30H       Grade C 3:30H-5:00H